Essay on Growing Naxalism/Maoism for UPSC : With the recent arrest of a few Maoists in different urban parts of the country by our police force, it is more than obvious that this menace is no longer confined to the jungles. The Maoists are increasingly penetrating bigger cities, trying to indoctrinate people and collecting funds for their organisation. If intelligence reports are to be believed, then the Maoists are already ensconced and entrenched in major cities. It is suspected that that the Maoists may strike bigger cities before long as the same provides good publicity for their intended ‘New Democratic Revolution’. A good cache of sophisticated arms, explosives and detonators have often been recovered following the arrests of many of the suspected Maoists from many of the cities. According to their new strategy, Maoists plan to target important urban centres in India. They seem to have drawn up detailed guidelines for their urban operations, thereby wishing to mobilize disgruntled elements including urban unemployed in favour of their ultimate ‘cause’ of eventual seizure of state power by way of a so-called people’s war.
If intelligence reports are to be
believed, then the Maoists are already ensconced and entrenched in major
cities. It is suspected that that the Maoists may strike bigger cities before
long as the same provides good publicity for their intended ‘New Democratic
Revolution’. A good cache of sophisticated arms, explosives and detonators have
often been recovered following the arrests of many of the suspected Maoists
from many of the cities.
According to their new strategy,
Maoists plan to target important urban centres in India. They seem to have
drawn up detailed guidelines for their urban operations, thereby wishing to
mobilize disgruntled elements including urban unemployed in favour of their
ultimate ‘cause’ of eventual seizure of state power by way of a so-called
people’s war. The Naxals reportedly have plans to strike in the industrial
belts of Bhilai-Ranchi-Dhanbad-Calcutta and Mumbai-Pune-Surat-Ahmedabad to take
their battle into the heart of India.
There may be no immediate threat,
but the fact remains that Maoists have been steadily working their plans of
building bases and finding a foothold in bigger cities. For the moment, they
seem to have confined their activities to propagating their ideology, setting
up secret cells for frontal organisations and recruiting people. The Maoists
have been trying to spread their movement among trade and labour unions, poor
people and students.
The recent Naxal attack on police
stations in Odisha’s Nayagarh district is the latest wake-up call for India’s
security mandarins. The Naxals are said to have looted about 1,100 weapons,
including pistols, light machine guns, AK-47s, SLRs and INSAS rifles from the
district and police training school armouries in Nayagarh. They struck again on
Odisha-Andhra Pradesh border resulting in the death of at least 45 policement
belonging to the elite anti-Naxals force, ‘Greyhounds’. Similar loss of lives
in security and police force has been reported from various other states
including Bihar and Jharkhand.
With every passing day, the Maoist
guerrillas seem to be tightening their grip on the country, claiming some 500
lives every year. In some areas, the situation is so alarming that our former
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh described the menace as a “virus” that threatens
the very idea of India. He also termed it as the biggest threat to our national
security. He also exhorted the states to pool their resources and crush the
leftist rebellion once and for all.
It has been known for long that our
police force is definitely not as equipped, trained and motivated as their
Naxal counterparts who are increasingly growing in strength in every sense of
the term. The Maoists today are better organised, better armed, better trained
and better motivated to execute their sinister agenda.
Now, the Union home ministry is
planning to tackle this problem by helping the states raise the 35 India
Reserve Battalions [IRB] to crush the Maoist rebellion. The centre is learnt to
have decided to take many other serious steps to curb the menace. There are
already four layers of monitoring mechanisms. Since these have proved
inadequate, the Union government has decided to have a fifth layer – a task
force to be chaired by the Cabinet Secretary to promote coordinated efforts
across a range of development and security activities so that the Maoist menace
can be tackled comprehensively and effectively.
There are some complex issues which
need to be resolved before we can expect a better response to the Maoist
menace. Since law and order is a state subject, the Centre cannot take direct
police action in the wake of an incident unless the situation is deemed to be
so alarming as to require its involvement in extra-ordinary cases of ‘internal
disturbances’ making it difficult to run the government there in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution.
Andhra Pradesh has shown the way by
creating a specialised force called ‘Grey Hounds’ to fight the Maoists and
achieved huge success in minimising casualties since its inception almost two
years back. The local police, backed by the armed reserve forces, the Grey
Hounds and a well-developed intelligence network, have succeeded in controlling
the Maoist menace to a great extent. With Grey Hounds on their heels, the
Maoists have been on the run in Andhra Pradesh, but the forces have not been
able to take on the might of the Maoist guerrillas find an effective antidote
to the Maoist threat.
The Maoists easily slip into another
state after attacking civilians and security personnel, knowing full well that
they can get away with the same. The rebels seem to be taking advantage of the
fact that the states still do not have a ‘unified command’ to fight them. Law
and order being a state subject, such a ‘unified command’ is theoretically not
possible. But one feels that there is now an urgent need to come out with the
better coordinated action and strategy
vis-à-vis the Maoists even if that means having
‘unified command’ by somehow getting over the constitutional snag.
Over 1400 persons including
civilians, securityforces and insurgents have so far been killed since 1996 in
the Naxal- related violence. While over 8000 civilians have lost their lives in
such violence, around 2700 security forces have lost their lives while
defending the country against Naxal violence. Though the number of casualties
in Maoist violence has declined in over the years, statistics do not tell the
entire story. Incidents like the recent jail-break in Chhattisgarh or Jehanabad
in Bihar where rebels attacked a jail and escaped with hundreds of their
comrades reveal that the Maoists are only getting bolder. The Nayagarh incident
only corroborates this assumption.
It is difficult to say if the new
strategy by the Centre will be able to check the growth of Naxals in the
countryside and their growing influence in the urban centres. In the past,
states have failed to coordinate police operations to tackle such issues. But
this time, as the Maoists increase their influence, the states have no choice
but to join hands. Hence, one feels that the Centre and the various state
governments need to immediately coordinate their activities to put in place a
‘unified command’ to better face up to the Naxal challenge to the internal
security of our beloved country.
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