Essay on Our society system : We are part of society when we share in comprehensive arrangements for Irving with one another and for managing the environment. The simplest societies are the primitive bands who to this day live in jungles and deserts, and on isolated mountains and beaches around the globe. The most complex technological societies bind the world's cities together as part of an evolution that, barring catastrophe, is forming a planetary society of mankind.
Essay on Our society system
We are part of society when we share in comprehensive
arrangements for Irving with one another and for managing the environment. The
simplest societies are the primitive bands who to this day live in jungles and
deserts, and on isolated mountains and beaches around the globe. The most
complex technological societies bind the world's cities together as part of an
evolution that, barring catastrophe, is forming a planetary society of mankind.
Whether primitive or civilized, all societies must cope with
the parallel problems that are generated by the urgencies of human nature and
the necessities of a common life. Arrangements are made for kinship and
procreation; for safety, health and comfort, for producing and consuming commodities
and services. Arrangements also, develop latent ability into sophisticated
skills of communication, body movement and environmental management.
Government, law, and politics seek to resolve conflicting
demands that arise within and among communities. Societies differ from one
another in the degree that they encourage specialization. In the simplest
societies everybody does everything, with exceptions that are closely linked to
differences of sex and age. On the other hand, many tribes use professional
specialists, such as warriors, medicine men, blacksmiths, potters, weavers,
musicians, and carvers.
The world that we call civilized appeared with the invention
of writing. One may to bring out the degrees of likeness and differences among
societies, whether primitive or civilized, is to compare the priorities that are
given to institutions of the same kind. Besides allocating priorities, every
society strikes a temporary or durable balance between the accumulation and the
immediate enjoyment of every value.
In civilized societies reliance on the results of early
education is heavily supplemented by government, law and politics. The legal
system is made up of several sets of authoritative and controlling
prescriptions. One set is constitutive. It prescribes "who decides what
and how". It centralizes or decentralizes formal and effective power, and
it distributes power among agencies and groups.
Regulation defines the degree of protection given to the
fundamental institutions of every sector of society. Tradition alleges that the
legal order is blind to values and practices that lie outside the established
beliefs, faiths and loyalties (ideologies) of the society with which it is
involved in consequence, legal systems may defend widely different balances
between value accumulation and enjoyment, and sharply contrasting patterns of
equality and inequality in the sharing of political power, wealth, respect, or
any other value.
The legal order may protect economic systems whose
structures are capitalistic, socialistic, or cooperative; family systems that
permit one or more members of the sexes to marry and raise children; religious
faiths that exalt monotheism and polytheism; and so on through the infinite
variety of human practices.
A legal system is stabilized when the effective elements in
society perceive themselves as relatively better off by continuing the system
than by adopting alternative arrangements. To some extent, a legal order may
exhibit cyclical fluctuations as when deviations are tolerated within limits,
which exceed generated reform activities that restore the former position with
little change.
In a capitalist economy "creeping monopoly" may
invade trade unions, employers associations, and natural resources and industrial
enterprises. In a socialist economy, “black market” may introduce
"creeping competitions”. In either case, the cyclical movements may
restore the original relationship before they have quietly stabilized a
structural Innovation, or prepared the way for a violent revolutionary change.
If this view is correct that world-wide interdependence is increasing, the
traditional blindfold of legal systems must be put aside long enough to give
explicit consideration to competing value goals and practices around the globe.
Interdependence implies whether they like it or not the members
of an emerging planetary society must take or one another into account. Being
taken into account implies that beliefs, faiths and loyalties, as well as overt
behaviors, are examined by public and private decision makers. The demand to be
better informed about the social environment creates an enormous opportunity
and responsibility for those who study and run the society.
Social scientists are continually under pressure to provide
the map of the past and probable future impact of the forces that shape
society. They are, for instance, asked to explain the causes of war or other
forms of violence and to suggest strategies that lead to “victory” in a
specific conflict or to show how war itself may be eliminated as an instrument
of public policy.
Social scientists are asked for explanations of why an
economy experiences inflation, or how it generates changing levels of
employment and unemployment. Specialists are expected to discover the sources
of alienation that separate young and old or threaten the unity of a family, a
school or a political, party or a national state.
The study of social institutions is sometimes affected by
diverging norms of professional responsibility. No conflict need arise if a
social scientist is personally committed to a line of research that happens to
be popular with influential members of the body politic. No anxiety or guilt is
felt if the findings are applied by current decision makers.
In recent times, professional opinion has emphasized the
importance of obtaining shared participation in the pursuit of knowledge. Many
investigators willingly accept the challenge of cultivating group demand for a
project and for a hand in data gathering and analysis. At every stage,
arrangements are made for laymen to work side by side with professional
sociologists, social psychologists, political scientists and other
investigators.
The role of man in society is given in brief, although the
modern activities of the society are also given in the essay, along with what
the man is expected to contribute for efficient running of the society.
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